Itanki ye-N₂ Buffer: Indawo yokugcina iNitrogen esebenzayo kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso
Inzuzo yemveliso
Iitanki zokukhupha initrogen ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yenitrogen. Le tanki inoxanduva lokugcina uxinzelelo lwenitrogen olufanelekileyo kunye nokuhamba kwayo kuyo yonke inkqubo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okufanelekileyo. Ukuqonda iimpawu zetanki yokukhupha initrogen kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kakuhle.
Enye yezona mpawu ziphambili zetanki yokukhupha initrogen bubungakanani bayo. Ubungakanani betanki bufanele ukuba banele ukugcina ubungakanani obufanelekileyo benitrogen ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo. Ubungakanani betanki buxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nesantya sokuhamba esifunekayo kunye nobude bokusebenza. Itanki yokukhupha initrogen encinci kakhulu inokubangela ukuphinda kuzaliswe, okubangela ukuba ingasebenzi kwaye imveliso inciphe. Kwelinye icala, itanki enkulu kakhulu isenokungabi naxabiso liphantsi kuba itya indawo eninzi kunye nezixhobo.
Olunye uphawu olubalulekileyo lwetanki yokunyuka kwe-nitrogen luvavanyo lwayo loxinzelelo. Amatanki kufuneka enzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo lwe-nitrogen egcinwayo nesasazwayo. Olu vavanyo luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwetanki kwaye luthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye ukungaphumeleli okunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukubonisana nengcali okanye umenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwetanki luhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zenkqubo yakho ye-nitrogen.
Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakha itanki yokunyuka kwe-nitrogen nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Amatanki okugcina kufuneka akhiwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuthintela iimpembelelo zamakhemikhali okanye ukuwohloka ngenxa yokudibana ne-nitrogen. Izinto ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni enemigqumo efanelekileyo zihlala zisetyenziswa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinto ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zihambelane ne-nitrogen ukuqinisekisa ukuba itanki ihlala ixesha elide kwaye isebenza kakuhle.
Uyilo lwetanki ye-N₂ buffer nalo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimpawu zayo. Iitanki eziyilwe kakuhle kufuneka zibe neempawu ezivumela ukusebenza nokugcinwa kakuhle. Umzekelo, iitanki zokugcina kufuneka zibe neevalvu ezifanelekileyo, iigeyiji zoxinzelelo kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulula ukujonga nokulawula. Kwakhona, cinga ukuba ingaba itanki kulula ukuyihlola nokuyigcina, njengoko oku kuya kuchaphazela ixesha elide kunye nokuthembeka kwayo.
Ukufakwa nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni iimpawu zetanki yokunyuka kwe-nitrogen. Amatanki kufuneka afakwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokuhambelana nezikhokelo zomenzi kunye nemigangatho yoshishino. Imisebenzi yokuhlola rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa, njengokujonga ukuvuza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwevalvu kunye nokuvavanya amanqanaba oxinzelelo, kufuneka yenziwe ukuze kuchongwe naziphi na iingxaki okanye ukonakala okunokubakho. Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo nafanelekileyo ukusombulula naziphi na iingxaki ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwetanki.
Ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwetanki yokunyuka kwe-nitrogen kuchatshazelwa ziimpawu zayo ezahlukeneyo, ezimiselwa ikakhulu ziimfuno ezithile zenkqubo ye-nitrogen. Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ezi mpawu kuvumela ukukhethwa, ukufakwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwetanki ngokufanelekileyo, okukhokelela kwinkqubo ye-nitrogen esebenzayo nethembekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, iimpawu zetanki yokunyuka kwe-nitrogen, kubandakanya ubungakanani bayo, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo, izixhobo, kunye noyilo, zichaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo kwinkqubo ye-nitrogen. Ukuqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezi mpawu kuqinisekisa ukuba itanki inobungakanani obufanelekileyo, iyakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo, yakhiwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala, kwaye inesakhiwo esiyilwe kakuhle. Ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kwetanki yokugcina kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo nokusebenza kwayo. Ngokuqonda nokwenza ngcono ezi mpawu, iitanki zokunyuka kwe-nitrogen zinokuba negalelo kwimpumelelo iyonke yenkqubo ye-nitrogen.
Izicelo zeMveliso
Ukusetyenziswa kweetanki zokunyuka kwe-nitrogen (N₂) kubalulekile kwiinkqubo zoshishino apho uxinzelelo kunye nolawulo lobushushu lubalulekile. Zenzelwe ukulawula ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwegesi okuzinzileyo, iitanki zokunyuka kwe-nitrogen zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kumashishini afana neekhemikhali, amayeza, iikhemikhali kunye nokuvelisa.
Umsebenzi oyintloko wetanki yokunyuka kwe-nitrogen kukugcina i-nitrogen kwinqanaba elithile loxinzelelo, ngesiqhelo ngaphezulu koxinzelelo lokusebenza kwenkqubo. I-nitrogen egciniweyo emva koko isetyenziselwa ukuhlawula ukwehla koxinzelelo okunokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwimfuno okanye utshintsho kubonelelo lwegesi. Ngokugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo, iitanki ze-buffer zenza kube lula ukusebenza kwenkqubo rhoqo, zithintele naluphi na ukuphazamiseka okanye iziphene kwimveliso.
Enye yezona zicelo zibalaseleyo zeetanki ze-nitrogen surge kukwenziwa kweekhemikhali. Kweli shishini, ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo lubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo. Iitanki ze-Surge ezidityaniswe kwiinkqubo zokucubungula iikhemikhali zinceda ukuzinzisa ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa umngcipheko weengozi kwaye ziqinisekise ukuveliswa kwemveliso rhoqo. Ukongeza, iitanki ze-Surge zibonelela ngomthombo we-nitrogen kwimisebenzi yokugquma, apho ukususwa kweoksijini kubalulekile ukuthintela i-oxidation okanye ezinye iimpendulo ezingafunekiyo.
Kwishishini lamayeza, iitanki zokukhupha i-nitrogen zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukugcina iimeko ezichanekileyo zokusingqongileyo kumagumbi nakwiilebhu ezicocekileyo. Ezi tanki zibonelela ngomthombo othembekileyo we-nitrogen ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukucoca izixhobo, ukuthintela ungcoliseko kunye nokugcina ukuthembeka kwemveliso. Ngokulawula uxinzelelo ngempumelelo, iitanki zokukhupha i-nitrogen zinegalelo ekulawuleni umgangatho ngokubanzi kunye nokuthobela imigaqo yoshishino, nto leyo ezenza zibe yimpahla ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamayeza.
Izityalo ze-petrochemical ziquka ukuphatha izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo nezitshayo. Ke ngoko, ukhuseleko lubalulekile kwezo zakhiwo. Iitanki zokunyuka kwe-nitrogen zisetyenziswa apha njengenyathelo lokukhusela ukuqhuma okanye umlilo. Ngokugcina uxinzelelo oluphezulu rhoqo, iitanki zokunyuka zikhusela izixhobo zenkqubo kumonakalo onokubakho obangelwa lutshintsho olukhawulezileyo kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo.
Ukongeza kwimizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali, amayeza kunye neekhemikhali, iitanki ze-nitrogen surge zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ezifuna ulawulo oluchanekileyo loxinzelelo, njengokuveliswa kweemoto, ukulungiswa kokutya neziselo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenqwelo-moya. Kule mizi-mveliso, iitanki ze-nitrogen surge zinceda ukugcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomoya, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa koomatshini nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo.
Xa ukhetha itanki yokunyuka kwe-nitrogen kwisicelo esithile, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe izinto ezininzi. Ezi zinto ziquka umthamo wetanki ofunekayo, uluhlu loxinzelelo kunye nezinto zokwakha. Kubalulekile ukukhetha itanki enokwanelisa ngokwaneleyo ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye neemfuno zoxinzelelo lwenkqubo, ngelixa kuqwalaselwa nezinto ezinje ngokumelana nokugqwala, ukuhambelana nendawo yokusebenza, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho.
Ngamafutshane, iitanki ze-nitrogen surge ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zoshishino, zibonelela ngozinzo loxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo. Amandla ayo okubuyisela ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kunye nokubonelela ngokuhamba rhoqo kwe-nitrogen kuyenza ibe yimpahla ebalulekileyo kumashishini apho ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokuthembeka kubalulekile. Ngokutyala imali kwiitanki ze-nitrogen surge ezifanelekileyo, iinkampani zinokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle, zinciphise umngcipheko, kwaye zigcine ingqibelelo yemveliso, ekugqibeleni zinegalelo kwimpumelelo iyonke kwimeko yanamhlanje yoshishino olukhuphisanayo.
Ifektri
Indawo yokuHamba
Indawo yemveliso
| Iiparameter zoyilo kunye neemfuno zobugcisa | ||||||||
| Inombolo yesiriyeli | iprojekthi | isikhongozeli | ||||||
| 1 | Imigangatho kunye neenkcukacha zoyilo, ukwenziwa, ukuvavanywa kunye nokuhlolwa | 1. GB/T150.1~150.4-2011 “Iinqanawa zoXinzelelo”. 2. TSG 21-2016 “Imigaqo yoLawulo loBugcisa boKhuseleko kwiinqanawa zoxinzelelo ezimileyo”. 3. NB/T47015-2011 “Imigaqo yokuWelda kwiinqanawa zoxinzelelo”. | ||||||
| 2 | uyilo loxinzelelo lwe-MPa | 5.0 | ||||||
| 3 | uxinzelelo lomsebenzi | I-MPa | 4.0 | |||||
| 4 | seta ubushushu obuphantsi ℃ | 80 | ||||||
| 5 | Ubushushu bokusebenza ℃ | 20 | ||||||
| 6 | ephakathi | Umoya/Ayinatyhefu/Iqela lesibini | ||||||
| 7 | Izinto eziphambili zoxinzelelo | Umgangatho wepleyiti yentsimbi kunye nomgangatho oqhelekileyo | Q345R GB/T713-2014 | |||||
| phinda ujonge | / | |||||||
| 8 | Izinto zokuwelda | ukuwelda kwe-arc engaphantsi komhlaba | H10Mn2+SJ101 | |||||
| Ukuwelda i-arc yesinyithi segesi, ukuwelda i-argon tungsten arc, ukuwelda i-electrode arc | I-ER50-6,J507 | |||||||
| 9 | I-coefficient yejoyinti ye-Weld | 1.0 | ||||||
| 10 | Akukho lahleko ukufunyanwa | Uhlobo A, B isixhumi se-splice | NB/T47013.2-2015 | I-X-reyi eyi-100%, iKlasi yesiBini, iTekhnoloji yokuFumanisa iKlasi AB | ||||
| NB/T47013.3-2015 | / | |||||||
| A, B, C, D, E uhlobo lwejoyinti ezidityanisiweyo | NB/T47013.4-2015 | Ukuhlolwa kwamasuntswana emagnethi ayi-100%, ibakala | ||||||
| 11 | Isibonelelo sokugqwala mm | 1 | ||||||
| 12 | Bala ubukhulu mm | Isilinda: 17.81 Intloko: 17.69 | ||||||
| 13 | ivolumu epheleleyo m³ | 5 | ||||||
| 14 | Into yokuzalisa | / | ||||||
| 15 | unyango lobushushu | / | ||||||
| 16 | Iindidi zesikhongozeli | Iklasi yesiBini | ||||||
| 17 | Ikhowudi yoyilo lwe-seismic kunye nomgangatho | inqanaba lesi-8 | ||||||
| 18 | Ikhowudi yoyilo lomthwalo womoya kunye nesantya somoya | Uxinzelelo lomoya 850Pa | ||||||
| 19 | uxinzelelo lovavanyo | Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic (ubushushu bamanzi obungaphantsi kwe-5°C) MPa | / | |||||
| uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomoya i-MPa | 5.5 (iNitrogen) | |||||||
| Uvavanyo lokuqina komoya | I-MPa | / | ||||||
| 20 | Izixhobo zokhuseleko kunye nezixhobo | ekhupha ifuthe | Ukucofa: 100mm Uluhlu: 0~10MPa | |||||
| ivalvu yokhuseleko | uxinzelelo olubekwe：MPa | 4.4 | ||||||
| ububanzi obuqhelekileyo | DN40 | |||||||
| 21 | ukucoca umphezulu | JB/T6896-2007 | ||||||
| 22 | Ubomi benkonzo yoyilo | Iminyaka engama-20 | ||||||
| 23 | Ukupakishwa kunye nokuthunyelwa | Ngokwemigaqo ye-NB/T10558-2021 “Ukogquma kunye nokuPakisha iiVessel zoXinzelelo” | ||||||
| “Qaphela: 1. Izixhobo mazisekelwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ukumelana nokusila komhlaba kufuneka kube yi-≤10Ω.2. Ezi zixhobo zihlolwa rhoqo ngokweemfuno ze-TSG 21-2016 “Imigaqo yoLawulo loBugcisa boKhuseleko lweeVessels zoXinzelelo eziMileyo”. Xa ubungakanani bokugqwala kwezixhobo bufikelela kwixabiso elichaziweyo kumzobo ngaphambi kwexesha ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ziya kumiswa ngoko nangoko.3. Ukujongwa kwe-nozzle kujongwa kwicala lika-A.” | ||||||||
| Itafile yemibhobho | ||||||||
| uphawu | Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo | Ubungakanani boqhagamshelo obuqhelekileyo | Uhlobo lomphezulu odibanisayo | injongo okanye igama | ||||
| A | DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | I-RF | ukungena komoya | ||||
| B | / | I-M20×1.5 | Ipateni yebhabhathane | Isixhobo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo | ||||
| ( | DN80 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN80(B)-63 | I-RF | indawo yokukhupha umoya | ||||
| D | DN40 | / | ukuwelda | Ujongano lwevalvu yokhuseleko | ||||
| E | DN25 | / | ukuwelda | Indawo yokulahla amdaka | ||||
| F | DN40 | HG/T 20592-2009 WN40(B)-63 | I-RF | umlomo wethemometha | ||||
| M | DN450 | HG/T 20615-2009 S0450-300 | I-RF | umngxuma | ||||
