Iitanki zokugcina izinto ezikrwadazizinto ezibalulekileyo kumashishini afuna ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kweegesi ezimanzi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu. Ezi tanki zenzelwe ukugcina ezi zinto kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, aqhelekileyo angaphantsi kwe--150°C (-238°F), ukuze zigcinwe zikwimeko yazo yolwelo. Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina ezimanzi usekelwe kwi-thermodynamics kunye nemigaqo yobunjineli eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugcina ezi zinto.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiitanki zokugcina izinto ezikrwada yinkqubo yokukhusela ubushushu. Itanki idla ngokuba neendonga ezimbini, udonga lwangaphandle lusebenza njengomaleko wokukhusela kwaye udonga lwangaphakathi lubambe igesi ekrwada. Isithuba esiphakathi kweendonga ezimbini siyasuswa ukuze kudalwe i-vacuum, enciphisa ukudluliselwa kobushushu kwaye ithintele ukulahleka kobushushu obukrwada. Le nkqubo yokukhusela ibalulekile ekugcineni ubushushu obuphantsi ngaphakathi kwitanki nokuthintela igesi ekrwada ukuba ingatshi.
Ukongeza kwinkqubo yokukhusela ubushushu,iitanki zokugcina izinto ezikrwadaSebenzisa nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu abandayo kakhulu. Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni ezi tanki zikhethwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahambelana nezinto ezibangela i-cryogenic kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphantsi ngaphandle kokuba ziqhekeke okanye zilahlekelwe bubume bazo besakhiwo. Intsimbi engenasici kunye nee-aluminium alloys zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwakha isitya sangaphakathi, ngelixa intsimbi yekhabhoni isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiqokobhe langaphandle. Ezi zinto zivavanywa ngokungqongqo kunye namanyathelo okulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwe-cryogenic.
Ukugcinwa nokuthuthwa kwezinto ezibangela i-cryogenic kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweevalvu kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Ezi zinto zenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza nokugcina ukuthembeka kwetanki, nokuba phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo zokugcina i-cryogenic. Ukongeza, iitanki zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokugcina.
Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina izinto ezingcolisayo ubandakanya nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokukhenkcisa ukugcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi ngaphakathi kwitanki. Ezi nkqubo zenzelwe ukususa ubushushu rhoqo etankini nokulawula amaqondo obushushu egesi enyibilikisiweyo ukuze ihlale ikwimeko yayo yolwelo. Iinkqubo zokukhenkcisa ziyilwe ngononophelo kwaye zijongwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokuthembeka kwazo, njengoko naluphi na ukusilela kunokubangela ukulahleka kobushushu obungcolisayo kunye nokuphuma komoya kwezinto ngaphakathi kwitanki.
Kwimizi-mveliso efana nokhathalelo lwempilo, ukucubungula ukutya, kunye nokwenza izinto ze-elektroniki, iitanki zokugcina i-cryogenic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni nasekuthutheni izinto ezifana ne-nitrogen engamanzi, i-oxygen engamanzi, kunye ne-helium engamanzi. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, ukusuka ekugcineni iisampulu zebhayoloji kunye nezixhobo zonyango ukuya kwiimagnethi ezipholisa i-superconducting kunye nezinto ze-semiconductor. Ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kweetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukufumaneka kunye nomgangatho wezi zinto kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic ubalulekile nakwicandelo lokugcina amandla kunye nokuthuthwa. Igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (i-LNG) kunye ne-hydrogen engamanzi ziya zisetyenziswa ngakumbi njengee-fuel ezizezinye kwizithuthi kunye nokuveliswa kombane. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwezi zinto zi-cryogenic kufuna iitanki ezikhethekileyo ze-cryogenic ezinokugcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye ziphathe iipropati ezizodwa zezi fluids. Imigaqo yokugcina i-cryogenic ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwezi petroli ezizezinye.
Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic ubalulekile nakwishishini leenqwelo-moya, apho ii-propellants ze-cryogenic ezifana ne-oxygen engamanzi kunye ne-hydrogen engamanzi zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-rocket propulsion. Ezi propellants kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zithuthwe kumaqondo obushushu e-cryogenic ukuze zigcine uxinano lwazo oluphezulu kwaye ziqinisekise ukutsha okusebenzayo ngexesha lokunyuka kwe-rocket. Iitanki zokugcina i-cryogenic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngeziseko eziyimfuneko zokugcina nokuphatha ezi propellants kwishishini leenqwelo-moya.
Ukuqukumbela, umgaqo wokusebenzaiitanki zokugcina izinto ezikrwadaisekelwe kwimigaqo ye-thermodynamics, ubunjineli, kunye nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo. Ezi tanki zenzelwe ukugcina amaqondo obushushu aphantsi afunekayo ukugcina nokuthutha iigesi ezinyibilikisiweyo, ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokugcina. Iinkqubo zokukhusela, izixhobo, iivalvu, kunye neenkqubo zokukhenkceza ezisetyenziswa kwiitanki zokugcina ezinyibilikisiweyo ziyilwe ngononophelo kwaye zivavanywa ukuhlangabezana nemingeni eyahlukileyo yokuphatha izinto ezinyibilikisiweyo. Nokuba kukwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, yamandla, okanye yeenqwelo-moya, iitanki zokugcina ezinyibilikisiweyo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufumaneka kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kweegesi ezinyibilikisiweyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-03-2024
