Iitanki zokugcina iCryogeniczizinto ezibalulekileyo kumashishini afuna ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kweegesi ezimanzi kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu. La matanki enzelwe ukugcina izinto kubushushu be-cryogenic, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-150 ° C (-238 ° F), ukuze zigcinwe kwimeko yazo yolwelo. Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic zisekelwe kwi-thermodynamics kunye nemigaqo yobunjineli eqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugcina ezi zinto.
Enye yezinto eziphambili zeetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic yinkqubo yokugquma. Itanki ngokuqhelekileyo i-double-walled, kunye nodonga lwangaphandle olusebenza njengomaleko okhuselayo kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi olubambe igesi emanzi. Isithuba esiphakathi kweendonga ezimbini siyakhutshwa ukuze senze i-vacuum, enciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu kwaye ithintele ukulahleka kobushushu be-cryogenic. Le nkqubo yokugquma ibalulekile ekugcineni ubushushu obuphantsi ngaphakathi kwetanki kunye nokuthintela irhasi enyibilikisiweyo ukuba iphume ibe ngumphunga.
Ukongeza kwi-insulation system,iitanki zokugcina cryogenickananjalo basebenzise izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu abandayo. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezi tanki zikhethwe ngokucokisekileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambelana kwazo kunye nezinto ze-cryogenic kunye nokukwazi ukumelana namaqondo okushisa aphantsi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okanye ukulahlekelwa ukunyaniseka kwesakhiwo. Insimbi engenasici kunye ne-aluminium alloys ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwenqanawa yangaphakathi, ngelixa i-carbon steel isoloko isetyenziselwa igobolondo yangaphandle. Ezi zixhobo zivavanywa ngokungqongqo kunye namanyathelo okulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwazo kwizicelo ze-cryogenic.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwezinto ze-cryogenic nazo zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweevalve ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezinokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kumaqondo aphantsi. Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokugcina ingqibelelo yetanki, naphantsi kweemeko ezinzima zokugcina i-cryogenic. Ukongezelela, iitanki zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ukuze zikhusele ukunyanzeliswa kwengcinezelo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokugcina.
Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic nazo zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zefriji ukugcina ukushisa okuphantsi ngaphakathi kwetanki. Ezi nkqubo ziyilelwe ngokuqhubekayo ukususa ubushushu kwitanki kwaye zilawule ubushushu berhasi enyibilikisiweyo ukuyigcina ikwimo yayo engamanzi. Iinkqubo zefriji zenziwa ngononophelo kwaye zibekwe esweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo kunye nokuthembeka, njengoko nakuphi na ukungaphumeleli kunokubangela ukulahleka kobushushu be-cryogenic kunye nokunyuka kwezinto ezingaphakathi kwetanki.
Kumashishini afana nokhathalelo lwempilo, ukusetyenzwa kokutya, kunye nokuveliswa kombane, iitanki zokugcina i-cryogenic zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni nokuthutha izinto ezifana nenitrogen yolwelo, ioksijini yolwelo, kunye nehelium engamanzi. Ezi zinto zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka ekugcinweni kweesampulu zebhayoloji kunye nezibonelelo zonyango ukuya ekupholiseni iimagnethi ze-superconducting kunye nemathiriyeli ye-semiconductor. Ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufumaneka kunye nomgangatho wezi zinto kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.
Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic nazo ziyimfuneko kwintsimi yokugcina amandla kunye nokuthutha. Irhasi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo (LNG) kunye ne-hydrogen engamanzi ziya zisanda ukusetyenziswa njengezinye izibaso zezithuthi kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kwezi zinto ze-cryogenic zifuna iitanki ezikhethekileyo ze-cryogenic ezinokugcina amaqondo okushisa aphantsi kunye nokusingatha iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zala manzi. Imigaqo yokugcina i-cryogenic ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni usetyenziso olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo lwala mafutha angamanye.
Umgaqo osebenzayo weetanki zokugcina i-cryogenic nazo zibalulekile kwi-industry ye-aerospace, apho i-cryogenic propellants efana ne-oksijeni yolwelo kunye ne-hydrogen ye-liquid isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-rocket propulsion. Ezi propellants kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zihanjiswe kumaqondo obushushu e-cryogenic ukugcina ukuxinana kwazo okuphezulu kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutsha okusebenzayo ngexesha lokunyuka kwe-rocket. Amatanki okugcina i-Cryogenic adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuboneleleni ngeziseko eziyimfuneko zokugcina nokuphatha ezi propellants kwishishini le-aerospace.
Ukuqukumbela, umgaqo wokusebenza weiitanki zokugcina cryogenicisekelwe kwimigaqo ye-thermodynamics, ubunjineli, kunye nesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo. Ezi tanki zenzelwe ukugcina amaqondo okushisa aphantsi afunekayo ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni kweegesi ezinolwelo, ngelixa liqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokugcina. Iinkqubo zokugquma, izixhobo, iivalve, kunye neenkqubo zokukhenkceza ezisetyenziswa kwiitanki zokugcina i-cryogenic ziyilwe ngononophelo kwaye zivavanywe ukuhlangabezana nemingeni ekhethekileyo yokuphatha izinto ze-cryogenic. Nokuba kukwimizi-mveliso, amandla, okanye usetyenziso lwe-aerospace, iitanki zokugcina i-cryogenic zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufumaneka kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kweegesi ezinolwelo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-03-2024
